High Voltage Substation protective measures ! ! !

                                 Protective measures

The protective measures can be categorized as personal protection and functional protection of the substations.

Personal protection

1. Protective measures against direct contact, i.e., through appropriate covering, obstruction, through sufficient clearance appropriate positioned protective devices, and minimum height
2. Protective measures against indirect touching by means of relevant earthing measures in accordance with IEC 61936/DIN VDE 0101 or other required standards
3. Protective measures during work on equipment, i.e., installation must be planned so that the specifications of DIN EN 50110 (VDE 0105) (e.g., five safety rules) are observed.

Functional protection

1. Protective measures during operation, e.g., use of switchgear interlocking equipment
2. Protective measures against voltage surges and lightning strikes
3. Protective measures against fire, water and, if applicable, noise

Stresses

1. Electrical stresses, e.g., rated current, short circuit current, adequate creepage distances and clearances
2. Mechanical stresses (normal stressing), e.g., weight, static and dynamic loads, ice, wind
3. Mechanical stresses (exceptional stresses), e.g., weight and constant loads in simultaneous combination with maximum switching forces or short circuit forces, etc.

Special stresses, e.g., caused by installation altitudes of more than 1,000 m above sea level, or by earthquakes.

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